UPSC CMS Pediatrics - Neuro-Pediatrics

What is the most likely diagnosis for a six year old boy presenting with generalized seizure disorder and hypo pigmented skin lesions with tiny red nodules over the nose and cheeks on examination?

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:

List I (Drugs for epilepsy)             List II (Side effects dose-dependent)

A. Sodium valproate                      1. Raised liver enzymes

B. Carbamazepine                        2. Hirsutism

C. Phenytoin                                3. Hyperactivity

D. Phenobarbitone                      4. Drowsiness

Code:

A B C D

A two-year-old child is admitted with a history of fever for two weeks and convulsions for the last one day. CSF examination shows elevated CSF pressure (30-40 cm H2O), clear CSF, lymphocytic pleocytosis (250 cells/mm3), elevated protein, and low chloride levels. What is the most probable diagnosis?

What is the likely diagnosis for a three-year-old girl who cannot stand or walk, has generalised hypotonia, brisk knee jerk, and ankle clonus, but achieved head control at one year of age?

A previously well 2-year-old boy presents with a brief generalized seizure. There is no past or family history of seizures. On examination, the child is alert, active, febrile with an axillary temperature of 39.4°C. Except for bilateral tonsillar enlargement and congestion, systemic examination is normal. Management at this time may include:

1. Immediate reduction of body temperature

2. Intravenous diazepam and phenytoin, followed by a lumbar puncture

3. Institution of phenytoin for maintenance therapy for at least one year

4. Rectal diazepam every 8 hourly for 2-3 days to reduce the risk of recurrence

Select the correct answer using the code given below: